TV Violence Essays - Criminology, Crime, Dispute Resolution

Television Violence Influences of media viciousness About four many years of research on TV seeing and other media have reported the practically all inclusive presentation of U.S. kids to significant levels of media brutality (Norris, 187). Savagery is a part normal for some TV programs and sadly our lives. Consistently we will in general watch news, and consistently we hear that individuals were executed, ransacked or tormented. Four out of ten individuals said that they had been the survivors of genuine or compromised savagery in the United States. Generally I inquire myself why a few people have inclinations toward viciousness. What variables cause those brutal and forceful practices? Among expansive different reasons, for example, mental wellbeing, individual attributes and monetary status there is the brutality in media that gives individuals those strange thoughts and motivation. In my Core II inquire about paper, I am masculine concerned how youngsters K-12 are influenced by film and TV brutality. In the drawn out research over the forty years, scientists have demonstrated the connection between staring at the TV savagery and executing genuine savagery and that presentation to TV viciousness is unsafe to youngsters wellbeing what's more, government assistance. In any case, others have figured out how to infer that there is no relationship what gives the issue discussion and various contributing factors must be consider (Journal of Psychology, July 1997). Variables that I have to take in thought are: each day presentation to TV (evaluated time spent of staring at the TV), sort of most loved projects, recurrence of discussing passing and brutality with guardians and companions, youngster age, sexual orientation contrasts, parental control and duty, peers, kid's correspondence, direction furthermore, communication with condition and may other. Four years prior I in my brain science class I have learned about learning propensities in youth when I experienced effects of film and TV brutality on youngster improvement. It was from mental point of view however it gave me a decent understanding about the subject. Pretty much consistently track in the news and governmental issues just consumed my information in this field. The main things I didn't know were about U.S. Senate endorsement of a revision which test the advertising of fierce and explicitly unequivocal materials to minors, and about President Clintons exertion and concern that youngsters when they are eighteen will be presented to brutality and performed kills on TV and films. Research for my subject I started at home on the Internet however with exceptionally penniless outcomes. I discovered hardly any destinations with broad data on film and TV savagery yet they didn't give me with enough data and I made a beeline for the UCF library. In the library, I begun my exploration utilizing on-line library index and the Web-LOUIS framework. All through these frameworks, I found a few books identified with my subject. These frameworks didn't give me adequate data on diary nor magazine sources identified with my subject. Therefore, I moved to another host framework to search for diary and magazine sources applicable to my examination. From the outset, I discovered bounty articles in different magazines accessible in the UCF library, yet when I limited my inquiry, I acquired only enough to work with. I recorded the call numbers for these magazines and traveled trough the library to locate those particular articles. At the point when I discovered articles applicable to my subject, not all were anything but difficult to track down, I invested some quality energy perusing and examining. At the point when I got done with sources accessible in the library I started my whole research process again yet this time with Ebsco-hos where I additionally discovered heaps of full content articles accessible on line pertinent to my examination. Regardless of all the trouble I figured I would experience in my exploration, I am happy with my examination procedure what was very effective. I will seek after my exploration even extend it so as to get better understanding and more data on the issue, direct one more meeting not with normal individuals like I previously did.

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 Research Paper

Agressive conduct in immature 12-18 - Research Paper Example Since not all guardians follow this procedure as they are getting very occupied in their own lives, they neglect to train their kids and their youngsters keep on working in a forceful way. Guardians need to guarantee that the methods utilized for training intentions are not extremely brutal as youngsters may see ceaseless cruel treatment as unreasonable and they may respond to these procedures in a forceful way. At the point when kids may respond in a forceful way and guardians even attempt to train this conduct by actualizing harsher disciplines, youngster will turn out to be increasingly forceful. Another hypothesis that gives understanding with respect to forceful conduct among adolescents brought about by poor child rearing is the strain hypothesis. The strain hypothesis states that people embrace forceful practices since they neglect to accomplish objectives, which they incentive to be certain for their prosperity (Cullen, 2013 p.148). On account of young people, they put incredible incentive on being adored and thought about by their folks. On the off chance that guardians neglect to give love and friendship to kids, the child’s desires are not met and accordingly he gets forceful. Hollist affirms this hypothesis and refers to that as per an investigation, immense segments of adolescent delinquents are the individuals who were coercively treated at their homes (Cox, 2011, p.100). When child rearing style is coercive in nature, the bond between the kid and the parent gets powerless and because of this, the youngsters become engaged with the demonstration of externali zing their issues. For instance: a kid may have seen separate happening between his/her folks and because of the outrage of separation, the kid might be associated with starting ruckuses at school. Amato states that the pace of separation in the American culture has raised and tremendous number of kids in different families observes their folks battling with one another (Fine, 2013, p.43). Because of this, a youngster may see that he/she is the

Education for Students with Physical and Health Impairments

Education for Students with Physical and Health Impairments Educational Implications for Students with Physical and Health Impairments Dec 19, 2019 in Education Introduction The three classes of physically or health impaired chosen included the visually impaired, the deaf, and physically impaired. Modifications that the teacher used in order to assist students with physical or health impairments include the following ones: arranging the classroom and desks, providing specialized equipment, providing mobility support, using auditory cues, using visual cues, using verbal narrative, providing lesson-specific tools, using demonstrations, providing instruction materials, offering assignment materials, orienting the incoming students with the environment, and offering assistive technology among others. The above accommodations were effective in helping students in their specific areas. It also helped parents or caregivers to work with the teacher to provide the student with the items needed during the lesson. However, these accommodations were only effective in particular situations, as some may not provide solutions, where another device is required. Body Arranging the classroom and desks was important in order to give students maximum space to move around. Notably, for the visually impaired, as they required enough space, so chances of students knocking over other objects are minimized. The use of specialized equipment was key in ensuring that the needs of the students were met. Teaching physically impaired students required specialized equipment for particular groups of students (Petscher Proctor, 2007). As a tutor, it is also important to support students in every way. In case a student is not able to walk around alone, it is your duty to provide mobility support. The instructional modifications were selected in relation to the groups of students one was dealing with. For instance, for the visually impaired you can effectively communicate through the use of auditory cues, while for the deaf you can use sign language (Rourke, 2002). This is facilitated by assigning the correct learning materials. Orienting students within the environment involves making them familiar with their surroundings. This should be the first step for the safety of the students you are dealing with. It also involves giving attention to the surroundings in order to ensure that the students are secure. This is specifically for the physically impaired. The teacher should ensure that the students are aware of the surrounding area and are familiar with it. The training areas should also be free from any flying objects, since the blind cannot see when the object is coming to them. In case the trainer implements any other change within the environment, the students should be informed, as well as given some time to tour and to get oriented within the new environment. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that students are aware of what is within their learning environment. This enables them to take the necessary precaution; hence, avoid getting into a danger (Rourke, 2002). Modifying the available technology to mee t their needs is also crucial. For example, the use of white board, use of loud speakers, and braille among others increases the effectiveness of the learning process. Providing students with assistive technology is vital in ensuring that they are learning fast; moreover, this will increase their understanding. .fod-banner { display: table; width: 100%; height: 100px; background-color: #04b5af; background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-1.png'), url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: left center, right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .fod-banner .button { min-width: 120px; } .fod-banner-content { height: 100px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: #ffffff; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 100; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 16px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 18px; color: #ffe98f; font-weight: bold; } .fod-banner-content-image { vertical-align: middle; } .fod-banner img.fod-banner-content-image { width: auto; } @media all and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1320px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } } @media all and (min-width: 845px) and (max-width: 992px) { .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 18px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } @media all and (max-width: 740px) { .fod-banner { background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } } @media all and (max-width: 670px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } .fod-banner-content { padding: 15px 10px; } .fod-banner img, .fod-banner-content-discount-text { display: block; margin: 0 auto; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 28px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } Limited time offer! Get 15% OFF your first order Order now Instructional modifications help students to understand what is required of them in a better way. For visually impaired, they are supposed to access both written and oral guidelines where demonstration is also required. The teacher should be able to provide real life examples that involve vivid description in terms of pictures and objects. This gives them hand-on experiences. The teacher should also provide readable visual aids, so that the child can receive information, as it is being displayed, say on a white board (Petscher Proctor, 2007). At the same time, the directions should also be very clear. This implies that the tutor should use explicit language when directing the students. For instance, the teacher can say Give your paper to the person on your right instead of just saying Pass your papers. Most importantly, the tutor should give students optimum time to give a response. This is because students may require extra time to read and to comprehend the information. Oral descr iption should be supplemented by visually displayed information. For example, an art or part of a film. Experimental learning should also be incorporated. The teacher should also recognize and accept their limitations. This way it is easy to interact with the students giving the necessary modifications or considerations where it is needed (Carrier, 2000). Dealing with physically impaired also requires involving a team, such as the parents and medical professionals, in addition to providing the training. Physically impaired students require special equipment to participate in any kind of learning. For the visually impaired, they required mobility tools and other equipment so support them. Often, students come to class with their own tools, such as the guide dog or a walking cane. It is important to also include these in the lesson. There are other modifications for the visually impaired in regards to the use of specialized tools, such as the guide ropes for running, especially during the Physical Education (P.E) class (Finn, Rotherham, Hokanson, 2001). It is also advisable that students should use light-colored equipment, which is easy to be identified with. Such colors include white, yellow, as well as orange. Instructional modifications should also be implemented, so that there is an understanding between the teacher and the students. For visually impaired, instructors should be in a position to give verbal instructions that specifically describe what the students are supposed to do. For instance, walk towards the exit. The verbal instructions should be detailed enough. It is also advisable for trainers to use auditory cues for the blind, such as running bells (Rourke, 2002). This may be used to suggest that it is time to start or tonend a certain activity. Support modifications were also offered. However, this is determined by an individual. In this case, support provider should only do so, when it is necessary in order to avoid the situations, where a student will become fully dependent. The accommodations or modifications that I was able to implement included the following ones; instructional and environmental. These modifications are easy to apply as a teacher, because you do not need to team up with other people, such as parents, in order to help students. Moreover, they are not costly. For instance, environment modification may involve arranging the room and ensuring that it is safe, while instructional modifications involve ensuring that you are able to demonstrate the students what you are telling them to do, and be assured that they can follow it. However, the implementation of the accommodations or modification did not unfold smoothly and effectively. This is because students had different needs, experiences, and status. For instance, it was especially difficult in dealing with the visually impaired, because people have different experiences in coping with the surrounding environment (Bradley, Louis, Daniel, 2002). There were some people, who could walk around without knocking over objects, while other needed assistance to walk around the room. I had to orient every student with the new environment. This was difficult, because at times you could not take students as a group. You had to deal with each student at a time for safety and effectiveness. The elements of the accommodation that were most effective include those that involved offering support to the students. For instance, it was easy to provide a walking cane for a student, and for the rest of the time he/she would not ask for any assistance while walking around. On the same, interacting with the students while teaching them was to some extent effective. The students were in groups according to their own specialties. For the visually impaired, all I needed to use was auditory cues and explicit language while giving instructions (Finn, Rotherham, Hokanson, 2001). Students found it easy to respond to the queries that I asked them, although I had to give them maximum time, since they needed additional time to read the information. Nevertheless, there were some aspects of the modification that were difficult to facilitate. This was because some aspects required a team that was not present at that moment. For instance, parents or care givers were not able to provide all the required materials to the students. At the same time, some activities had to be coordinated among the tutors, and being alone, it made it somehow difficult to deal with the students. I had to organize the class and offer physical support when students started coming in. To some extent, this has negatively affected the overall success of the lesson. For example, some lessons took a longer period of time than expected, because I was actually involved in organizing everything, including providing specialized materials required by the students (Rourke, 2002). The special needs of the students required full attention not only to one student, but to all. However, as a teacher, I had to find a way of dealing with these difficulties and ensure that t he objective of the lesson was achieved. During implementation of the modification, the level of students engagement and motivation was moderate. Modification or accommodations implies that students are exposed to the new environment, although they are expected to do what they normally do. For example, while teaching the visually impaired, the same methods used in other classes were still used. However, due to some difficulties experienced, such as lack of absolute support, the level of engagement was moderate. Communicating with the students through the use of the correct cues for the right group of students was not a major problem. The problem was related to the lack of the specialized materials to facilitate learning. However, this can be modified by ensuring that special consideration is given to the physically impaired and all the required materials are available when engaging them in any lesson (Petscher Proctor, 2007). This will help to improve the effectiveness in understanding, as well as making learning and teach ing easy. Modifications or accommodations implemented during the lesson were well suited for that particular purpose. For instance, instructions modification were meant to serve in response to their special needs. There is no way you could use auditory dues for the deaf and expect to have a success. Right instructions had to be used for the right group of students. Moreover, materials specific to the needs of the students were also meant to accommodate them in the learning environment. All these modifications could only take place if the environment was able to accommodate students. For instance, the classroom had to be arranged in a way that students had enough space to move around without knocking objects. It was also important to ensure that the environment did not have any flying objects. Conclusion In conclusion, it could not have been any better than to see students participating in the lesson. This was a sign that the modifications or accommodations used have indeed assisted the students during the lesson. Although there were a number of challenges, they did not hinder the objective of the assessment.

Finding the Right Path Essay - 1095 Words

Finding the Right Path INTRODUCTION I have chosen to research about my future. I know that I want to major somewhere in Special education, but I am not sure where. I am going to research becoming a special education teacher and becoming a speech pathologist. Both are right down my path, but I am unsure of which suits me better. I am senior; therefore, this research is critical to the next step of my life. As of right now, I know a little about becoming a teacher. I have taken a class, Future Educators of Arizona, attended some conferences, and shadowed a teacher. I know that teachers get incredible joy in seeing the difference they make as students gain new insights, become more interested in a subject and learn about themselves.†¦show more content†¦With students who have severe disabilities, they teach the students independent living skills and basic literacy, communication, and math (Special Education Teachers). Working with the full range of human communication, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) evalua te and diagnose speech, language, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders and treat such disorders in individuals of all ages, from infants to the elderly (Careers in Speech-Language). Special education has many careers opportunities ranging from assistants, teachers, speech-pathologist, one-on-one tutors and many more. Certain teachers work exclusively in special education classes that include only students who have IEPs (individualized education plans). Special education teachers work with students who have a wide variety of mental, emotional, physical, and learning disabilities. Some students need assistance only in a few subject areas, such as reading and math. Other students need help understanding how they learn and adapting study skills and strategies that best meet their needs. Some special education teachers work with students who have physical and sensory disabilities, such as blindness and deafness, or with students who are wheelchair-bound. They also work with students who have autism spectrum disorders and with students who have emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The job opportunities are vast and endless in this career field.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Purpose In Life1432 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer the question how to find your path in life, first of all Id like to clarify that finding your path in life is different AND MORE IMPORTANT than finding your purpose in life... When people talk or explore finding their purpose in life a lot of them have ideas on their purpose, but they dont know where to start. Or a lot of other people make passion lists, dos and donts list but they still are not able to find their purpose. 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His profound decisions, thus lead him to unique paths where he must decipher the right one, which he only later discovers to be is an invisible road that links these other two paths. For Siddhartha, the river is, both metaphorically and literally, his middle road. He embarks on many adventures from his village leading him toRead MoreNetwork Flows Case Study Essay example1398 Words   |  6 Pagesare released and split in half at point a, but as the top dark blue path to b allows for three gallons it was tested if three gallons were utilized through the top to either conclude if three gallons would reach the ending destination or be hindered early on. After reaching b and continuing to g the gallons allotted for the dark blue path lowers to 1, as well as from g to h allowing for 1 gallon. 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Gender Trouble in Paris Essay - 628 Words

In Gender Trouble, Judith Butler discusses complications with constructions of inner and outer worlds of the body. She argues that â€Å"internalization of gender†, as common linguistics describes it, is a part of the heterosexual hegemonic binary of gender conformity which distinguishes inner and outer worlds. Gender, in the commonly accepted model, is innate and through a process of bringing out the inner gender is expressed. Butler proposes, instead, that â€Å"the gendered body is performative† and â€Å"has no ontological status apart from the various acts which constitute its reality† (173). Thus, gender does not exist within a person, a part of the body itself, but is a performance constructed through many displays. Gender is not explicitly†¦show more content†¦Dorian Corey, a character name which gestures toward luxurious extravagance and beauty if named for Oscar Wilde’s A Picture of Dorian Gray, spends all of Paris is Burning eith er in preparation for a ball or framed by her trophies cast in a rich red-orange artificial light, except for when she first makes her grand appearance on film. Her introduction begins before she is even visible. She says, â€Å"Liz Taylor is famous. So is Pepper Labeija. In a sense so am I† (9:48) alongside a track of music which fades in and out as she speaks non-diagetically over a clip of Pepper Labeija voguing at a ball. This serves as a transition cut to a medium shot of Dorian Corey, though the viewer is yet unaware who this is, walking at a ball wearing a thick boa of feathers, a v-neck black sequin dress, and a horseback riding-style or old military helmet-style black hat with a sequined loose chinstrap and a back drop of the American Flag. Dorian’s clothes are loud, though Dorian performs smooth, comfortable, and quiet movements with waves of her wrists and a slow, gentle walk. She is a spectacle with arms wide-open. The non-diagetic voice becomes diagetic as the film cuts to a close-up of Dorian putting on make-up in what is made to seem like her homemade dressing room. The closeness of the shot gives a sense of honesty. Her monotone voice feels subtly powerful. Her shoulders are relaxed and she moves as though each item is exactly where she placed it. SheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Significance of Gender in Romeo and Juliet1329 Words   |  6 PagesSignificance of Gender in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the Montagues and the Capulets have very different relationships with their children. A major reason for this, as well as much of the conflict in the tale, comes from the gender roles that Romeo and Juliet are expected to play into. 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Comparison between China and South Korea Free Essays

string(66) " and replaced them as their own version, used only among Chinese\." Compare China to Taiwan, South Korea, or Russia (choose 1 or more) and discuss how a democratic transformation could occur, and what the most likely path to demagnification could be? (2000 words) Abstract This essay will compare China to South Korea and discuss how a democratic transformation could occur in South Korea. Also, I will discuss what would be the most likely path to demagnification of China. I am Intrigued by this topic since I am South Korean who currently live in Hong Kong, a part of China. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between China and South Korea or any similar topic only for you Order Now To write this essay, I offered to online articles about China and South Korea. China and South Korea share East Aslant culture and Confucianism and thus have similarities but also have many differences. I will examine the demagnification history of South Korea and discuss whether demagnification of China would be possible and suggest possible ways of China being democratic. Readers of this essay will be informed and understand more about South Koreans political path and able to expect what may cause China to be democratic. Introduction China is a country with the biggest number of population of more than 1. 3 billion, which contributes one fifth of the global population. In terms of land area, China Is the second-largest country. China’s place In the world Is getting bigger in a fast pace and It even threatens the power of U. S. If this fast economic growth of China goes on at this rate, It may even surpass U. S and become the largest economic power. Some argue that china already contributes to the growth of world economy more than the Currently, as the world leader, the U. S. As big responsibilities on the world and is very influential on other countries’ matters. It intervenes with politics of other entries, sending military to solve conflicts in other countries and protecting and supporting their allies. For example, the U. S send military to Iraq in order to protect diplomatic facilities and personnel in Baghdad and there are about 37 thousands of the U. S soldiers residing in South K orea in order to protect South Korea from possible attack by North Korea. Being world leader means ability to influence other countries’ matters. But what if China becomes the world leader in future? There is a huge possibility of China becoming the world leader in future if we take into account the fact that China s the most populous country in the world. Will China be better leader than America? Will China more intervene in other countries’ matters than the U. S. Do? Will the world become better or worse place if China take the leadership? My expectation is that if China becomes the world leader, China will intervene with other countries’ affairs like the U. S. Do or more than what U. S. O. The outcome of Chinese intervention must be negative in my expectation, major because China is not democratic. ( I consider democracy as more advanced form of a government than authoritarian government. If we cannot stop China being more influential on the world affairs, will there be any way of China being democratic? Will China fare better with democracy? Method and materials I searched Google and Wisped with keywords such as China political system, China, South Korea, 4 19 revolution, Gangue movement, and June democratic uprising. Also, I used Korean Website called Never to find more about history of democracy establishment of Korea. Various articles regarding politics of China and South Korea are covered. Results and discussions Comparison between China and South Korea China had been a leader of East Asia which spread culture, philosophies and new innovations to Korea and Japan. Ancient Chinese considered themselves as the centre of the world and referred other countries around China as inferior tribes, referring them as barbarians. China called other countries and ethnic groups as (Eastern Barbarian), Barbarian), Barbarian) and (Northern Barbarian). Meanwhile, Chosen Dynasty of Korea, which existed Just before Japanese Occupation of South Korea, considered all other countries, except for China and Korea, as barbarians, especially disrespecting Japan. Ancient Koreans thought giggly of China as more developed country and had several cultural exchanges and trades. We can see that Chinese had strong prides about their country and Koreans showed special respect towards China. Although ancient china was one of the most developed countries in the world, Chinese economy had been stagnant after the Korea also adopted strong Confucianism, setting Confucianism as basic principles of governance, and regarded studying such as Science as somewhat unimportant compared to learning Confucianism value. Although China and Korea both thought highly of Confucianism, both of them were negatively impacted by it in fields of economy, politics and overall development. Both China and Korea have a history of Japanese invasion Just before the end of World War 2. Entire Korea was colonized by Japan between 1910 and 1945 and major cities in China were taken over by the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. Both China and South Korea were impoverished and one of the poorest country in the world after World War 2, but achieved economic growth in the recent decades under authoritarian government, led by government, through industrialization and exports. South Korea is now almost developed country and China is currently the second largest economy of the world but still a developing country. South Korea produces and exports more technologically advanced goods than China. Now, China is rapidly developing but South Koreans development is slowed down. One of the major difference between South Korea and China is that South Korea is democratic while China is authoritarian government with civilian dictatorship. China is run by a single party, the Communist Party of China. South Korea has relatively free media and internet access. China is very different from South Korea when it comes to freeness of media and the internet. China blocks more than 2,700 websites including Google, Backbone, and Youth and replaced them as their own version, used only among Chinese. You read "Comparison between China and South Korea" in category "Papers" China blocks these website in order for Chinese not to receive any external information that may make Chinese to go against the government. How democratic transformation could occur in South Korea The Republic of Korea was formally established on 15 August 1948, three years after Japanese government announced surrender to the Allies in World War 2. In constitution, it was written that South Korea is democratic republic but it was not in reality. There are three big movements which contributed to demagnification of South Korea, namely, April 19 Revolution, Gangue uprising, and June Democratic Uprising. April 19 Revolution happened against 1960 vice fraudulent presidential election manipulated by by-then president Rhea. Students and citizens protested against dictatorship of by-then president Rhea which resulted in resignation of Rhea. However, South Korea was soon under dictatorship again by Park Chunk-he who launched a coup d’ ©tat and established military government. Gangue uprising or May 18th Democratic uprising is a movement in 1980, in which Gangue citizens took up weapons against government troops when the government June Democratic Uprising happened in June 1987. Large-scale protests by citizens resulted in elections being hold and occurrence of democratic reforms which caused establishment of present democracy of South Korea. Thus, this movement can be viewed as the most significant milestone for establishment of democracy in South Korea. South Koreans democracy was achieved by students’ and citizens’ demonstrations. The intensity of demonstration for democracy strengthened and number of people participating in movements increased as time passes during sass to sass South Koreans establishment of democracy was followed by economic growth. South Koreans democracy was achieved by students’ and citizens’ demonstrations. According to a reach done by Robert Barron, in general, increase in average income is followed by increase in level of democracy. South Korea is one of the cases. As average income rises, there are more voices for democracy. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that as income rises, citizens do not worry much about making a living anymore and start to care about right which they had neglected. Democracy confers more right to citizens than authoritarian regimes. Democracy is desirable In my opinion, democracy is superior to autocracy is that democracy. In democracy, citizens are able to elect or fire their leaders in a regular basis, resulting in having a proper leader who can guide the nation to path of economic growth and good governance. Also, a government represent civilians and protects individual right with decentralized, local government bodies. Also, freedom is often associated with democracy. Democratic country grants citizens freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion and free media and press. In non-democratic country, the media is usually not free, and any expression against the government may cause one to be imprisoned. In democracy, people’s will can be expressed though elections and normal citizens can participate in politics. Democracy values cooperation and compromise regardless of gender, age, ethnic group, religion and all other different categories of groups. Democratic government tries to listen to voices of all communities, protecting rights to be different. Chinese government does not want democracy As China is getting more important in the global community, it is becoming more influential on other countries. One thing that I am worried about a situation in which China being leader of the world is that China is not democratic and it may influence there countries to follow a government form of China’s authoritarian regime or impede other countries being democratic. If China becomes the world leader, some countries’ government might take step back to worse form of governance. In 2005, Beijing released its first white paper on political democracy but stated that their democracy is a â€Å"Socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics†. The communist parties and thus they subdue any opposition movements. Also, China is comprised of majority of Han Chinese and 55 other ethnic minority groups. China includes areas like Tibet, Jinxing and Hong Kong, regions not integrated into Chinese culture. If Chinese government do not block websites such as Google, Youth and Backbone, it will be more difficult for them to govern these areas since Chinese in other regions may hear the news of protests for independence in these areas and there might be people in other areas who listen to their voices. Freedom of media is one of important characteristics of democracy. If China chooses to be democratic, media will be freer and it is disadvantageous to Chinese government. There will be higher possibility of Tibet and Jinxing to be independent and Chinese government obviously do not want that. It can be concluded that authoritarianism in China might be a necessary evil. China may be democratic in the long run When we consider the Communist Party firm grip on power, demagnification may not occur in near future. However, As I mentioned earlier, rise in average income result in increase of people wanting democracy. It can be expected that Chinese people will want democracy more as average income rises, as time passes. Also, as Chinese become more affluent, they will travel or study at developed countries which have democracy and learn benefits of democracy. They may want democracy back at home. 989 Chinese Democracy Movement 2011 and Chinese pro-democracy protests show that some Chinese already want democracy. In the long run, as time passes, Chinese government might be unable to maintain current authoritarian policies of government as there will be stronger demands for democracy from its citizens and there will be larger-scale demonstrations for democracy. It may needs to continuously make more democratic political reforms such as giving citizens more freedom of speech, or loosening censorship on media and the internet, allowing Chinese citizens’ access to websites such as Backbone, Google and Youth. Conclusion Democracy has been accompanied with capitalism and free market in many countries. 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Primary Health Care Its Impact on Nursing free essay sample

This paper aims to define the term primary health and explain its origins and development; also touching on the impact of primary health on the nursing profession. It will commence with an introduction to primary health and primary health care. Covered in this paper will also be the influence that primary health care has had on nursing and any alterations associated with its implementation. Primary health care aims to provide a health care framework that steps away from the acute care focus and brings to the forefront the utilisation of disease prevention and health promotion (Keleher, Parker Francis, 2010; Mackay, 2007; Nelson, Wright, Connor, Buckley Cumming, 2009). The inspiration for primary health care is thought to have come from many different avenues, from the missionaries work in developing countries to the health policies of Communist China. The utilisation of the ‘barefoot doctors’ – locally living health workers in Communist China’s rural medical services in the 1950s, provided more inspiration for primary health care, as they combined the use of their traditional methods with Western medicine and had a emphasis on rural health care with a preventative focus, rather than urban health care with a curative focus (Wollumbin, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Primary Health Care Its Impact on Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the forming of the United Nations in 1945, the concept of a health organisation that tackled global health issues was raised, thus three years later in 1948; the World Health Organisation (WHO) was created (World Health Organisation, 2013). But it was not until 30 years later in 1978, that the Alma-Ata declaration was signed by policy makers and health experts from 134 of the WHO member states, with a common goal of achieving â€Å"Health for All by 2000† (Chan, 2008; WHO, 2013). This declaration provided governments with guidelines to follow in order to achieve this goal, covering the main topics including the organisation of each level of health care with an emphasis on prevention as much as cure and also the need for a more local focus with the expansion of access to health services for the community (Sachs, 2008). Ideally, primary health provides a government with everything it needs to save on health costs, motivating the population to choose healthier lifestyles and in turn, avoid illness (McBride, 2009). In the community, primary health care provides the necessary link between the population and the health care facilities and care coordination services that they need in order to achieve and maintain good health (Davies, Perkins, McDonald Williams, 2009). The general ractice was once the only facility to provide these services but through government initiatives, services are expanding to incorporate clinics led by nurses, and in turn, expanding their role (Davies et al. , 2009). As the population ages in industrialised countries, issues such as chronic disease is putting a strain on the health care system and as workforce shortages are limiting services, the role of the nurse has increased in importance to the point that they will become substantial contributors in the delivery of primary c are (Keleher, Parker, Abdulwadud Francis, 2009). Alongside General Practitioners (GPs), nurses have been identified to be the solution for effectively implementing primary health reforms (Keleher et al. , 2010) and it is because of this that there has been a widening of the scope of practice and an increase in the creation of non-traditional roles and responsibilities for nurses within the primary health care framework (Mackay, 2007). Nelson et al. (2009), states in their article that with the introduction and implementation of primary health nurses, the population would be supported by a framework of care in which nurses were able to integrate with and in certain situations, substitute for GPs in many of the tasks they undertook. The nurse practitioner (NP) role has gained support internationally due to increasing evidence of its success in providing client-focussed, personalised care in the primary health environment (Mackay, 2007; Zand, 2011). The NP has stepped up into innovative roles of primary health care and taken on responsibilities which were previously carried out by other health professionals such as general practitioners (Mackay, 2007; Zand, 2011). As the roles of the nurse increase and diversify with the implementation of primary health care, there are some barriers in achieving a smooth transition to ensure more nursing responsibilities in the community, as stated by Bryce (2008). It is the nurses’ capacity for clinical decision making as part of a health care team that needs to be acknowledged by the wider health care and political community, so that growth in primary care is not just based on the experiences of general practice, but also on the contribution already made by nurses across the community in the primary health system outside of this (Bryce, 2008). However, while in a review of Australian university nursing courses, Keleher et al. (2010), noted that graduate registered nurses are ideally the best candidates to aid in the implementation of the new primary ealth reforms, their preparation for this as provided by educational institutions lacked in certain areas. There was found to be a disproportionate focus on acute care and higher level acuity in illness, with very few courses that taught primary health nursing or wellness promotion on its own (Keleher, 2010). This lead Keleher et al. (2010), to suggest that in order for primary health care reform to be successful, the available university nursing education in Australia needs to be reassessed to include more information on primary health and health promotion in their courses, in order to reflect the role that it has on the population. In conclusion, an increasing emphasis on primary health care in the community is of great benefit as it aids the population to gain an ownership over their health by living healthy lifestyles, which in turn prevent chronic issues that can put a strain on the health care system. The nurse has a significant role in implementing this as they are the largest group of health care workers who are present across a wide variety of environments and are within communities already, gaining respect for their work. By educating nurses about primary health and the growing non-traditional roles available to them, they can be better prepared for and are more likely to choose to work in a primary health care environment. REFERENCES Bryce, J. (2008). Professional: more to primary health care than general practice. Australian Nursing Journal, 16 (3), 17. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Chan, M. (2008). Return to Alma-Ata. The Lancet, 372 (9642), 865-866. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Davies, G. P. , Perkins, D. , McDonald, J. Williams, A. (2009). Integrated primary health care in Australia. International Journal of Integrated Care, 9, 1-9. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Keleher, H. , Parker, R. Francis, K. (2010). Preparing nurses for primary health care futures: how well do Australian nursing courses perform? Australian Journal of Primary Health, 16, 211-216. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Keleher, H. , Parker, R. , Abdulwadud, O. Francis, K. (2009). Systematic review of the effectiveness of primary care nursing. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 15, 16-24. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1440-172X. 2008. 01726. x Mackay, B. (2007). Leadership strategies for role development in primary health care nursing. Nursing Journal NorthTec, 11, 31-39. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au McBride, D. (2009). Public health: primary care and health improvement. Practice Nurse, 38 (6), 43-48. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Nelson, K. , Wright, T. , Connor, M. , Buckley, S. Cumming, J. (2009). Lessons from eleven primary health care nursing innovations in New Zealand. International Nursing Review, 56, 291-298. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Sachs, J. D. (2008). Primary Health for All. Scientific American, 298 (1), 34. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au Wollumbin, J. (2012). Holistic Primary Health Care – Origins and History. Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 18 (2), 77-80. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au World Health Organisation. (2013). About WHO. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/about/history/en/index. html Zand, M. B. (2011). Nursing the primary care shortage back to health: how expanding nurse practitioner autonomy can safely and economically meet the growing demand for basic health care. Journal of Law and Health, 24 (2), 261-284. Retrieved from http://www. library. uq. edu. au